Muri iki gihe, Isi yugarijwe n’icyorezo cya Coronavirus, aho kuva mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 2019 kugeza uyu munsi icyo cyorezo kigaragara mu bihugu hafi ya byose bigize imigabane yose y’isi.
- Iyi nyandiko yateguwe na Barihuta Pacifique, Umusesenguzi ku Miyoborere, Amahoro n’Iterambere
Iki cyorezo ntikirobanura Umwera cyangwa Umwirabura, umugabo cyangwa umugore, umwana cyangwa umuntu mukuru, umukene cyangwa umukire, umusirikare cyangwa inyeshyamba.
Ibi byago byagwiriye isi byaje bisanga urundi rusobe rw’ibibazo ihanganye na byo nk’intambara, ubukene, izindi ndwara karande n’ibyorezo, ubusumbane mu bukungu, n’ibindi.
By’umwihariko, Afurika isanganywe ibibazo by’intambara z’urudaca zakomeje kuyogoza bimwe mu bihugu bigize uyu mugabane, harimo ibyo mu karere kiswe ak’Ibiyaga Bigari.
Ku itariki 23 Werurwe 2020, igihe iki cyorezo cyari kimaze kwigarurira ibice byinshi ku mugabane wa Aziya n’uw’u Burayi, Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, António Guterres yasabye abashyamiranye guhagarika intambara kugira ngo inzego z’ubuzima n’abayobozi b’ibihugu na za Guverinoma bite ku guhangana n’iki cyorezo.
Yagize ati: “Muhagarike intambara ahubwo murwanye icyorezo cyibasiye isi yacu. Ni cyo umuryango mugari w’abantu ukeneye ubu ngubu, mbere y’ibindi byose”.
Muri uru rwego na none, mu muhango wo kwizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka 50 y’Umuryango wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe (AU) wabaye ku itariki ya 25 Gicurasi 2013, Abakuru b’Ibihugu bigize uyu muryango bihaye umuhigo wo gucecekesha imbunda bitarenze muri uyu mwaka wa 2020.
Mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari u Rwanda ruherereyemo hamaze igihe kirenga imyaka mirongo itatu karimo intambara zahitanye abatari bake mu batuye ibyo bihugu. Muri iki gihe, haravugwa cyane intambara ishyamiranyije ingabo za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo zizwi cyane nka FARDC n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro imaze ibinyacumi birenga bibiri ikorera mu mashyamba y’icyo gihugu. Iyi mitwe yayogoje cyane cyane agace k’Iburasirazuba bwa Kongo usanga irwanya ibihugu bihana imbibi na Kongo mu burasirazuba bwayo, aribyo u Rwanda, Uganda ndetse n’u Burundi.
Mu bihe bitandukanye FARDC yagiye igaba ibitero bigamije kurandura burundu izo nyeshyamba. Ibiheruka ni ibyo izo ngabo zahaye izina rya ‘Operation Hibou’, aho mu nyeshyamba zirebwa n’ibyo bitero harimo iz’umutwe witwaje intwaro urwanya Leta y’u Rwanda, uzwi cyane nka FDLR.
Umwaka ushize wa 2019 ntiwahiriye na gato izo nyeshyamba. Ingabo za FARDC zagabye ibitero bitandukanye cyane cyane mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo, aho zashegeshe bikabije abarwanyi ba FDLR.
Uyu mwaka wa 2020 na none ntizabaciriye akari urutega, aho ibitero byibanze cyane cyane mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru. Ibi tubihuje na COVID-19, umuntu yakwibaza niba ryaba ari iherezo ry’inyeshyamba ziri mu mashyamba yo mu Burasirazuba bwa Kongo, by’umwihariko FDLR. Bigenze bityo, agakoko ka Corona kakaba intandaro yo kugera ku cyifuzo cy’Umuryango wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe cyo gucecekesha imbunda mu mwaka wa 2020.
Si ubwa mbere icyorezo nk’iki gica intege ibikorwa by’intambara
Mu mwaka wa 1918 ubwo intambara y’isi yose yari irimbanyije, isi yatewe n’icyorezo cyenda gusa n’iki, cyiswe Influenza (abandi babyita Ibicurane bya Esipanye, bitewe n’uko iyo virusi yagaragaye bwa mbere muri icyo gihugu). Icyo cyorezo cyahitanye 40% by’abasirikare b’Abanyamerika, umubare uruta cyane abigeze bicwa n’umwanzi w’iki gihugu mu mateka y’igisirikare cyacyo.
Abahanga mu mateka ya gisirikare bemeza ko icyo cyorezo cyagize uruhare rukomeye cyane mu guhagarika intambara ya kabiri y’isi. Abahatakarije cyane ni Abanyamerika, kuko igitero biteguraga kugaba ku Budage mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1918 cyakomwe mu nkokora n’ibyo bicurane.
Ishami rishinzwe intambara mu Gisirikare cya Amerika cyabaruye abasirikare 106,000 bafashwe n’iki cyorezo, naho 30,000 bitaba Imana mu ndake zo mu Bufaransa, bazize iki cyorezo.
Ibi byaciye intege Abanyamerika kubera abasirikare bari bamaze kuhazaharira, bataragera no mu Budage, biyemeza kudakomeza intambara.
Mu nyandiko ye, Carol R. Byerly yagize ati: “Intambara ya mbere y’Isi na Influenza byarafatanyije. Intambara yafashije iki cyorezo kubera ubuzima butoroshye mu ndaki zo mu Bufaransa, icyo abahanga mu bijyanye n’ibyorezo bemeza ko byacyorohereje kwica abasirikare benshi bitigeze bibaho ku isi.
Ku rundi ruhande, iki cyorezo cyaciye intege ibikorwa bya gisirikare, kuko usibye kurwaza no gupfusha abasirikare benshi, ubushobozi bwose bwari bwateganyirijwe gushyirwa mu bikorwa by’intambara bwahindukiye bukajyanwa muri gahunda zo kwita ku barwayi no kurwanya ikwirakwizwa ry’iki cyorezo”.
Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye hasinywa amasezerano yo guhagarika intambara ya mbere y’Isi ku itariki ya 11 Kanama 1918, hagati y’u Budage n’Ibihugu byari byishyize hamwe, bizwi nka ‘Alliés/Allies’.
Ibi bihugu ntibyari gushobora gukomeza intambara mu gihe Abanyamerika batari bacyifuza gukomeza intambara.
Mu gihe cy’icyorezo nk’iki hafatwa ingamba zitandukanye zo kucyirinda no gukumira ikwirakwizwa ryacyo. Muri zo harimo kugabanya ingendo zitari ngombwa, gukora gusa imirimo y’ingenzi nko kurinda umutekano, ubuvuzi, ubucuruzi bw’ibya ngombwa bikenerwa buri munsi, n’ibindi.
Abakora iyi mirimo na bo bashyirirwaho ubwirinzi buri ku rwego rwo hejuru, n’ubwo baba bafite ibyago byo kwandura kubera ko bahura n’abantu benshi kubera akazi bakora. Abatari muri ibyo byiciro basabwa kuguma mu rugo, imodoka zitwara abagenzi zigahagarara ndetse n’ahantu hahurira abantu benshi nk’amashuri, insengero, amaduka, utubare n’ahidagadurirwa naho hagafungwa. Usibye ubu bwirinzi ku rwego rwa gisivili, ni ngombwa ko abashinzwe umutekano nabo birinda, cyane cyane ko byinshi mu bikorwa byabo bikorerwa hamwe.
Dukomeje gusesengura iyi ngingo yacu, twafata urugero rw’ubwirinzi bw’Ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zishinzwe kugarura amahoro muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (MONUSCO) ndetse na FARDC.
Nk’uko bitangazwa n’Umuvugizi wa MONUSCO, uyu muryango wahise ucyura abasirikare bawo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura, usaba abakozi badakenewe cyane mu biro gukorera mu rugo ndetse uhagarika ihinduranywa ry’abasirikare ryakorwaga buri mwaka, nk’uko n’ubundi butumwa bwa Loni mu bindi bihugu bwabigenje.
MONUSCO kandi yahagaritse irondo ryakorwaga na za kajugujugu mu duce tutagerwamo n’imodoka. Ku rundi ruhande, ku itariki ya 20 Werurwe 2020, Umuvugizi wa FARDC Jenerali Léon-Richard Kasonga Cibangu, yagize ati: “Twasabye abayobozi b’ingabo ku nzego zose kuvugurura imiterere y’imitwe bayobora, haba ku cyicaro gikuru cy’ingabo, icyicaro gikuru cy’imitwe y’ingabo ndetse no mu birindiro by’ingabo hirya no hino mu gihugu”.
Mu itangazo yashyize ahagaragara, yavuze ko FARDC zakajije ingamba zo kwirinda ikwirakwizwa ry’icyorezo cya COVID-19. Muri izo ngamba harimo gushyira ku marembo y’ibigo byose bya gisirikare amazi meza n’isabune byo gukaraba, kutitsamurira mu ntoki, gushyiramo intera ya metero imwe hagati y’umusirikare n’undi, gufungura amadirishya n’imiryango by’inyubako zitandukanye bakoreramo, n’ibindi.
By’umwihariko, abinjiye mu bigo by’igisirikare cya FARDC bagomba gupimwa umuriro, ndetse ibikorwa byose bihuza abasirikare barenze 20 bikaba byarahagaritswe.
Izi ngamba n’ubwo ari nziza ariko, bigaragara ko zigoye kubahirizwa n’abasirikare bari ku rugamba, kubera imiterere y’imirimo baba bashinzwe, n’uburyo bayishyira mu bikorwa.
Biravugwa ko COVID-19 yageze mu barwanyi ba FDLR
Ubu bwirinzi cyangwa ingamba zo gukumira ikwirakwizwa ry’iki cyorezo ntizashoboka ku nyeshyamba za FDLR kubera impamvu ebyiri z’ingenzi: iya mbere ni uko bahora bikanga ibitero by’ingabo za FARDC zigikomeje gahunda zo kurandura burundu uyu mutwe ukava ku butaka bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.
Impamvu ya kabiri ni ubushobozi bwo kubona ibikoresho by’ubwirinzi, cyane cyane ko biba bitari mu byihutirwa ku bikorwa by’inyeshyamba, ndetse bikaba bitaranateganyijwe. Amakuru amaze iminsi acicikana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga avuga ko umwe mu bayobozi bakomeye ba FDLR bahitanywe n’iki cyorezo, nyuma y’ingendo yari yagiriye i Kampala muri Uganda. Ibi biramutse ari byo, bivuze ko no mu bandi bayobozi ndetse n’abasirikare bato ishyamba ryaba atari ryeru.
Ni nyuma y’aho ku itariki ya 13 Mata 2020, FDLR igaragaje ko ibitero iri kugabwaho mu gihe isi yugarijwe na virus ya Corona bifatwa nk’agashinyaguro. Iri tangazo ryabaye nk’irica amarenga ko hashobora kuba hari abarwanyi bayo barwaye COVID-19, bityo bakagombye kugirirwa imbabazi, ntibaterwe nk’uko biri kugenda muri iki gihe.
Ntibyakoroha na none kubera ko uburyo bwo kwirinda butaborohera ndetse ubuzima babayemo bwaba butabemerera kugira abasirikare bahagije mu mubiri bahangana na virusi itera COVID-19.
Kuri iyi ngingo, Komisiyo yo Gusezerera no Gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe Abahoze ku Rugamba igaragaza ko mu nyeshyamba zikiri mu mashyamba ya Kongo ziri mu myaka yigiye hejuru.
Abenshi muri aba barwanyi bakaba ari abinangiye gutaha kubera uruhare bakekwaho muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’imiryango mpuzamahanga itandukanye. Ibi na byo bikaba byabongerera ibyago byo kuba bakwibasirwa n’iki cyorezo, nk’uko byagaragaye mu bihugu cyashegeshe kurusha ibindi nk’u Bushinwa, u Butariyani, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, n’ibindi.
Abo muri FDLR ntiborohewe no kubona ibiribwa bibatunga
Izi nyeshyamba kandi zirimo kugerwaho n’izindi ngaruka z’iki cyorezo, cyane cyane izijyanye n’ubukungu. Kubona ibiribwa ni ingume kuri uyu mutwe ukesha amaramuko ubusahuzi bwa bike abaturage ba Kongo baba bahinze cyangwa batunze.
Ubusanzwe batarahagurukirwa, bahinganga imirima y’abaturage ba Kongo, bagasarura ndetse bagasagurira amasoko. Ubu ntibikibashobokera kubera ko nta birindiro bakimaramo kabiri, kuko aho bashinze ikirenge FARDC na yo ihashinga icyayo. Kubera iyo mpamvu ntibakibona ikibatunga, na byo bikaba byaba imwe mu mpamvu nyinshi zatuma batsindwa urugamba rw’amasasu mu gihe gito, ndetse bakibasirwa na COVID-19 kubera kubura indyo yuzuye intungamubiri zikenewe mu kuyirwanya.
Ikimenyetso cy’iki gitekerezo ni uko ku itariki ya 18 Mata 2020 ubwo bakurwaga mu birindiro byabo biherereye mu gace ka Kazaroho muri Tongo (ku birometro 3 uvuye Kiwanja muri Rutshuru), mu gitondo cyakurikiyeho bagerageje kugaruka gushakisha ibibatunga, kuko aho bari bakwiye imishwaro muri pariki ya Virunga inzara yavuzaga ubuhuha.
Birazwi cyane ko amaramuko ya FDLR n’abayobozi babo bayakesha na none ubucuruzi bwa magendu bw’intwaro ndetse n’amabuye y’agaciro y’ubwoko butandukanye aboneka aho bashinze ibirindiro muri Kongo. Ubu bucuruzi, nk’uko bigaragara muri raporo zitandukanye z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, babukoranaga na bamwe mu bayobozi b’uduce bigaruriye ku nzego za gisivile n’iza gisirikare.
Kuva mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2019, ubwo zahinduraga imirishyo Perezida Félix Tshisekedi agatorerwa kuyobora iki gihugu gikungahaye ku mutungo kamere, ubu bucuruzi bwacitse intege ku buryo bugaragara. Byahumiye ku mirari rero muri iki cyorezo cya Coronavirus cyibasiye isi, aho ubucuruzi bwinshi bwasubiye inyuma kubera ifungwa ry’imipaka.
Iyi ni indi ngaruka y’iki cyorezo kuko ubutunzi bukomoka kuri ubu bucuruzi bwari gufasha izi nyeshyamba kubona ibibatunga ndetse n’intwaro, bikaba bitazashoboka. Ibi bikomwa mu nkokora kandi no kuba badacana uwaka n’ubuyobozi bw’iki gihugu, bwakabaye bubakingira ikibaba muri ubu bucuruzi.
Ibi ni bike mu bigaragaza ko iherezo ry’imitwe y’inyeshyamba, cyane cyane FDLR yakoreweho ubu busesenguzi, riri hafi.
Ibikorwa bya gisirikare birimbanyije biraterwa ingabo mu bitugu n’ingaruka zitandukanye z’icyorezo cya Coronavirus cyibasiye isi.
Izi nyeshyamba ziri kugerwaho n’ingaruka zitoroshye z’iki cyorezo kubera intege nke ku rugamba ndetse n’ubukungu bwazo butifashe neza. Nta kindi zitezweho usibye kumanika intwaro zigataha mu Rwanda, cyangwa se zigakomeza gutikirira mu mashyamba ya Kongo, kugeza ku wa nyuma. Tubitege amaso!
