Imiti 6 twavuga yahinduye isi mu buryo budasanzwe

Mu gice cy’ubuzima kijyanye no gukora imiti usanga iterambere ryihuta cyane. Indwara zigiye zitandukanye yewe ndetse n’izikomeye, usanga imiti izirwanya igenda ivumburwa buri munsi, kandi uburyo bwo gufata imiti bukagenda burushaho kuba bwiza no koroha.

Ntawakwirengagiza uburyo cyera byasabaga ibinini birenga 50 mu kuvura indwara yoroheje nk’iyibasiye ibihaha, malariya cg mikorobe zindi zibasiye umubiri. Mu gihe ubu bisaba gufata ibinini bicye kandi bidatera ingaruka nyinshi (side effects) ugereranyije na cyera.

Muri iyi nkuru twabateguriye imiti 6, muri rusange yahinduye isi, igahindura uburyo abantu bahitanwa n’indwara kandi igakiza benshi.

Imiti 6 yahinduye isi mu buryo budasanzwe

1. Penicillin

Mu bantu bakuze utazi penicillin yaba atararwayeho na rimwe, kugeza n’ubu hari abakecuru n’abasaza baziko imiti yose ivura yitwa penicillin, ku buryo bagana farumasi ariyo babaza gusa.

Penicillin ni umuti wavumbuwe n’umuhanga Alexander Fleming muri 1928. Uyu muti wabaye uwa mbere mu miti yica udukoko duto cyane (mikorobe), twavuga ko ariyo antibiyotike ya mbere yabayeho, yakoreshejwe cyane igihe kirekire mu gukiza benshi indwara ziterwa na bagiteri.

1. Insulin

Mbere yuko umuti wa insulin uvumburwa, kurwara diyabete byasobanuraga urupfu, kuko benshi yafataga bakiri bato bapfaga bidatinze.

Uyu muti abawuvumbuwe ntibavugwaho rumwe kuko yaba abashakashatsi bo mu gihugu cya Canada Sir Frederick G. Banting na Charles Best ndetse na bagenzi babo bavugwaho ko bari mu bavumbuye umusemburo wa insulin ndetse n’umuhanga wo mu gihugu cya Romaniya Nicolas Paulescu akaba avugwaho ko ari we wavumbuwe insulin muri 1916.

1. Coartem

Kurwara malariya byabaga ari umusaraba ukomeye ubwawo, wamara kumenya ko ari yo urwaye ukiruhutsa ho gato, kuko n’imiti ubwayo ntiyari yoroshye; kumeneka umutwe, ngizo injereri mu matwi, kutabona neza, gucika intege bikabije byose byaterwaga na quinine (kinine), fansidal, chloroquine, flagyl (soma; fragile) n’indi yose yakoreshejwe mu kuvura malariya.

Coartem, uruhurirane rwa lumefantrine na artemether. Umuti wa artemether watangiye gukoreshwa hashize imyaka 2000 n’abashinwa, bakaba baruwukuraga ku giti kitwa Artemisia annua, ibikomoka kuri iki giti bikaba aribyo byakoreshwaga nk’umuti wa malariya. Uruganda rukora imiti rwa Novartis, rwawukoze bwa mbere muri 1999, witwa Coartem nuko utangira gukoreshwa ku isi hose.

Ibinini 4 unywa inshuro 2 ku munsi, mu minsi 3, bisimbura ibinini byinshi cyane byakoreshwaga mbere.

1. Aspirin

Umuti wa aspirin wavumbuwe muri 1899 n’umushakashatsi Felix Hoffman w’uruganda rukora imiti Bayer AG. Aspirin ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane no kugeza n’ubu mu gukuraho no kugabanya ububabare.

1. Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi ya SIDA

Indwara ya SIDA twavuga ko ari nshya ku isi, ndetse n’imiti yayo yavumbuwe vuba; umuti wa mbere ugabanya ubukana wakoreshejwe ni zidovudine cg se AZT, hari muri 1987. Uyu muti wabaye ingenzi cyane mu guhashya iki cyorezo cya VIH/SIDA cyoretse imbaga mu bice bitandukanye by’isi.

Indi miti yagiye ikorwa, aho kugeza ubu ubushakashatsi bugikorwa ngo harebwe ko urukingo rushobora kuboneka.

1. Ibinini bikoreshwa mu kuboneza urubyaro

Ahagana mu myaka ya 1920 nibwo umuhanga Ludwig Haberlandt yatangaje ko imisemburo ishobora gukoreshwa nk’uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro mu nyamaswa. Muri icyo gihe kuboneza urubyaro byafatwaga nk’umuziro cg se icyaha, kuko bumvaga byaba ari uguhagarika ubushake bw’Imana. Byasabye igihe kirekire ngo mu bantu bibe byakorwa, nuko bwa mbere muri leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika muri 1960, ibinini byo kuboneza urubyaro bitangira gukoreshwa.

Ngaho nawe tubwire umuti utekereza wagize akamaro gakomeye cyane ku isi!