Imyaka 59 irashize Africa yibohoye. Ku itariki ya 25 Gicurasi 1963, abakuru b’ibihugu bagera kuri 30 bari bicaranye i Addis Abeba muri Ethiopia bashyiraho umuryango ubahuje. Ku itariki nk’iyi, hazirikanwa zimwe mu ntwari zaharaniye ko Africa itaba ingaruzwamuheto, nubwo bitabuza bamwe ubu kuyisubiza inyuma.Africa iratera nayo ikitera, ariko ntigomba guheranwa. Abanyafurika tuzaba ba Mudaheranwa nidukomeza kugera ikirenge mu cy’abagabo b’intwari batubanzirije bakibukwa ndetse bazahora bibukwa ibihe n’ibihe, ariko hari ba kidobya mu rugendo: ba mutima nda, ba rusahurira munduru, ba mugabo urya ake n’ak’abandi.
Abari mu mujyo wa Panafricanism ni abo bagomba kwirinda kubana nabo mu rugendo. Bitabaye ibyo, imbaraga z’abatubanjirije zizaba zarapfuye ubusa, umuhate w’urubyiruko uzaba imfabusa, maze aba ngiye kubabwira batwite imbwa, aho bari bavuge ko basize ubusa. Nimusigeho.
1.Julius Nyerere wa Tanzaniya
Mu mazina yose ni Julius Kambarage Nyerere, yavutse tariki ya 13 Mata 1922 apfa tariki 14 Ukwakira 1999. Ni impirimbanyi irwanya ubukoloni, umunyapolitiki akaba n’umucurabwenge wayo.
Yayoboye Tanzaniya kuva mu 1963 kugeza 1985. Yashinze ishyaka TANU (Tanganyika African National Union ariyo yaje kuvamo CCM (Chama Cha Mapinduzi).
Nk’umucurabwenge ufite ingengabitekerezo yo gukunda igihugu, yashyizeho inyurabwenge yitwa Ujamaa (ikivandimwe).
Mu kugendera ku bitekerezo by’umuhinde Mahatma Ghandhi, Nyerere yigishaga guharanira intego nta guhutazanya.
Ku ngoma ye, yashyiraga imbere kurwanya ubukoloni no kwimakaza ikinyafurika mu mirimo, kandi agateza imbere ubumwe b’abanyafurika gakondo n’abazungu ba nyamuke.
Nyerere niwe wafashije Tanzaniya kuba uko iri ubu, bahuza Tanganyika n’ikirwa cya Zanzibar.
Mwalimu Nyerere, nk’umurimo yakoraga mbere yo kujya muri politiki, niwe abatanzaniya bita Baba wa Taifa (umubyeyi w’igihugu).
2.Kwame Nkrumah wa Ghana
Kwame Nkrumah yavutse tariki 21 Nzeri 1909 apfa tariki 27 Mata 1972. Yahirimbaniye ubwigenge bwa Ghana kugeza bubonetse mu 1957 agahita ayibera Perezida.
Nkrumah ni umwe mu bashinze umuryanyo bw’ubumwe bw’Africa.
Mu miyoborere ye, Nkrumah yagenderaga ku bitekerezo bya gisosiyaliste na nasiyonaliste (imibereho y’abaturage n’abanegihugu).
Yateje imbere inganda n’imishinga y’ingufu, yubaka uburezi butajegajega, yimakaza umuco w’ubunyagihugu n’ubunyafurika.
Mu gihe cye, Ghana yari ku isonga mu bubanyi nyafurika mpuzamahanga mu gihe cyo kwigobotora ubukoloni.
Yavuye ku butegetsi mu 1966, ajya kwibera muri Guinea, aho yatwatwaga nka Perezida mwunganizi (Co-president).
3. Patrice Emery Lumumba wa D R Congo
Mu mazina yose ni Patrice Emery Lumumba, yavutse tariki ya 2 Nyakanga 1925 apfa yishwe tariki 17 Mutarama 1961.
Yagize uruhare rufatika mu bwigenge bwa Kongo yakolonizwaga n’ababiligi, yabereye Minisitiri w’intebe wa mbere, umwanya yamazeho amezi atatu gusa (Kamena-Nzeri 1960).
Yashinze ishyaka MNC (Mouvement National Congolais) mu 1958, rifite ingengabitekerezo ya kinyagihugu na kinyafurika.
Yagiye mu muryango w’abibumbye ONU na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, asaba inkunga yo kwirwanya abigumetse bashyigikiwe n’ababiligi muri Katanga. ONU na USA bamuteye utwatsi, yegera abarusiya, ari ko yiyongerera abanzi.
Ibi byarakaje uwari Perezida Joseph Kasa-Vubu, na Joseph Desire Mobutu wari umukuru w’ingabo; Amerika n’Ububiligi nabo bamukubitira agatoki.
Nguko uko yaje gufungwa na Leta bitegetswe na Mobutu, arakubitwa arababazwa, nyuma aza kwicwa.
Iyo nzira y’umusaraba yanyuze, niyo imugira uwahowe Africa mu mitwe ya benshi mu banyafurika n’abatuye isi muri rusange.
4. Capitain Thomas Sankara wa Burkina Faso
Mu mazina ye yose ni Thomas Isidore Noel Sankara. Yavutse tariki ya 21 Ukuboza 1949 apfa tariki 15 Ukwakira 1987. Yayoboye Burkina Faso kuva mu 1983 kugeza mu 1987. Uyu afatwa nka Guevara wo muri Afrika. Ku myaka 33 yafashe ubutegetsi agamije guca ruswa n’ijisho ry’umukoloni w’umufaransa ku butegetsi bw’igihugu cye.
Mu kwerekana ko kwigira kw’igihugu cye, yahise ahindura izina ryacyo, kireka kwitwa Haute Volta cyitwa Burkina Faso (igihugu cy’umuturage wifashije).
Mu bubanyi n’amahanga, yarwanyaga ba mpatsibihugu yanga burundu inkunga zabo, agabanya amadeni, asubiza ubutaka abanyagihugu n’umutungo kamere.
Mu gihugu imbere, yarwanyije inzara avugurura ubuhinzi n’amategeko agenga ubutaka. Yashyigikiye uburezi n’ubuzima, abana miliyoni ebyiri n’igice bakingirwa mugiga, iseru n’imbasa.
Yateje ibiti bisaga miliyoni icumi arwanya ubutayu, yambura abazungu ibikingi abiha abanyagihugu.
Buri mudugudu wasabwaga kwiyubakira ivuriro, kandi abaturage ubwabo biyubakiye amashuri 350.
Ku burenganzira bw’umugore, yavanyeho ikebwa ry’abana b’abakobwa, ishyingirwa ku gahato n’ubuharike. Leta ye yarimo abagore, kandi yakanguriraga umwana w’umukobwa gukora imirimo yindi itari iyo kwirwa mu rugo, abasaba kugana ishuri n’aho baba batwite.
Yakuwe ku butegetsi na mushuti we Blaise Compaore, tariki ya 15 Ukwakira 1987, nyuma y’icyumweru agize ati, “Umuntu w’impinduramatwara ashobora kwicwa ,ariko ibitekerezo bye ntawabyica”
5.Leopold Sadar Senghor wa Senegal
Senghor yavutse tariki ya 9 Ukwakira 1906 apfa tariki ya 20 Ukuboza 2001. Uyu musizi w’umunyapolitiki yayoboye Senegal imyaka 20 (1960—80).
Mu ngengabitekerezo ya kinyafurika, yabijyanishaga no guharanira uburenganzira bw’abirabura. Yashinze ishyaka riharanira Demokarasi muri Senegal, kandi niwe munyaurika wa mbere wabaye mu nteko y’ururimi rw’igifaransa ( Académie Française). Afatwa na benshi nk’umwe mu njijuke za mbere z’abanyafurika mu kinyejana cya 20.
6. Haile Selassie wa Ethiopia
“Ras Tafari” umukurambere w’abarasta, yari umwami w’abami wa Ethiopia. Yavutse tariki 23 Nyakanga 1892 apfa tariki 27 Kanama 1975. Yavukiye ahitwa , RasTafari Makonnen.
Kuva 1916 kugeza 1930, yari igikomangoma kizaragwa ubwami, nyuma aza kuba umwami w’abami kuva 1930 kugeza 1974. Yanabaye umuyobozi wa OUA kuva tariki 25 Gicurasi 1963 kugeza tariki 17 Nyakanga 1964, yongera gusubira kuri uwo mwanya tariki ya 5 Ugushyingo 1966 ageza tariki ya 11 Nzeri 1967.
Mu 1936, yareze Ubutaliyani muri SDN (umuryango wasimbuwe na ONU), ku kuba bwarakoresheje intwaro zihumanya ku baturage ba Ethiopia ubwo bahanganaga.
Ni umukurambere w’abarasita bakabakaba miliyoni, bamufata nk’umukiza uzageza isi ku gihe cyiza, cy’amahoro adashira, ubutabera n’uburumbuke.
7.Samora Machel wa Mozambike
Samora Moisés Machel yari umusirikare mukuru mu ngabo za Mozambike, yavutse tariki 29 Nzeri 1933 apfa tariki 19 Ukwakira 1986.
Niwe wabaye Perezida wa mbere w’igihugu cye kikimara kubona ubwigenge mu 1975. Yapfuye akiri Perezida mu 1986, ubwo indege yarimo yahanukiraga hafi y’umupaka uhuza Mozambike na Afrika y’Epfo.
Umugore yari asize yaje guhungurwa n’umukambwe Nelson Mandela amaze gutandukana na Winnie.
8.Sam Nujoma wa Namibia
Mu mazina yose, Samuel Shafiishuna Daniel “Sam” Nujoma, yavutse tariki 12 Gicurasi 1929.
Ni imprimbanyi yarwanyije ivangura ry’amoko. Kuva 1990 igihugu cye kibona ubwigenge nawe yaharaniye, yahise akiyobora imyaka 15.
We n’ishyaka rye PLAN ( Peoples Liberation Army of Namibia) yashinze 1962, bagiye kurwanya ba gashakabuhake muri Africa y’Epfo mu 1966.
Gusa Nujoma yatangiye guhirimbana mu myaka ya 1950 arwanya abakoloni, mu 1958 ari mu baremye umutwe uharanira abenegihugu, bimuviramo gufungwa. Nyuam y’imyaka ibiri yaje gutoroka uburoko, ahungira muri Tanzania, yakiranwa urugwiro na Nyerere.
Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Namibia yamuhaye icyubahira cyo kwitwa “Umuperezida wahanze Repubulika ya Namibia”, naho ishyaka SWAPO rikamwita “Impirimbanyi ya Namibia”.
Hari abandi bageze ikirenge mu cy’aba haba mbere na nyuma, aha twarebye ab’ingenzi. Ese abayobozi bariho ubu bazasa nabo, barenzeho babasumbye, byaba ari amahire.
