Repubulika ya Congo, ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika yo hagati gifite ubuso bwa km2 342 000 ubwo ni nk’ubuso bw’u Rwanda ukubye inshuro zirengaho gato 12. Congo ihana imbibi n’ibihugu bya Gabon, Cameroun, Santarafurika, Angola na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo cyangwa Congo Kinshasa, Repubulika ya Congo kandi mu Burengerazuba izengurutse n’Inyanja ya Atlantica.
Igihugu cya Congo ntabwo gituwe cyane kuko abaturage bacyo bakabakaba miliyoni 6 bivuze ko kuri km2 imwe hatuye abantu nka 16 gusa. Congo iri mu bihugu bya mbere muri Afurika bituwe cyane mu mijyi kuko abarenga ½ cy’abaturage bayo bose bibera mu mijyi. Ibi bituma Congo igenda irushaho gukurura abantu banyuranye baza kuyibamo baturutse hirya no hino muri Afurika.
Usibye abo baza kuyibamo mu buryo busanzwe, mu bihe bitandukanye Congo yagiye yakira impunzi nyinshi ziturutse mu bihugu bituranyi by’umwihariko Angola na Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo. Umurwa mukuru wa Congo ni Brazzaville ukaba warashinzwe mu myaka ya 1880. Uherereye ku ruzi rwa Congo, ibyo bituma hakorerwa ubucuruzi bwinshi bwifashisha inzira y’amazi hagati ya Congo n’ibindi bihugu byo mu karere.
Usibye iyo nzira y’amazi kandi hanakoreshwa iyo mukirere kubera ikibuga mpuzamahanga cy’indege cya Maya Maya na cyo giherereye muri uyu mujyi. Mu rwego rw’ubukungu Congo ikungahaye cyane ku mutungo kamere wiganjemo peteroli, amabuye y’agaciro n’ibikomoka ku biti kubera amashyamba aba muri iki gihugu. Peteroli ni yo ifite umwanya w’ibanze mu bukungu bw’iki gihugu kuko yihariye hafi nka 80% y’ibyo Congo yohereza mu mahanga.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 1976 Congo ifite uruganda rutunganya peteroli mu mujyi wa Pointe Noire, umujyi wa kabiri w’iki gihugu unafatwa nk’umurwa mukuru w’ubukungu. Congo kandi ikungahaye ku mabuye y’agaciro y’ubwoko bwinshi amwe mu yo twavuga ni nka zahabu, diamant, gasegereti, umuringa, uranium, bauxite n’ayandi. Mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi hakoramo abaturage barenga 1/3 cy’abashobora gukora.
Ibihingwa byiganje muri iki gihugu harimo imyumbati, ibitoki, ubunyobwa, umuceri, ibigori, ibikoro, ibijumba n’izindi mbuto zinyuranye. Hiyongeraho kandi ibisheke n’itabi mu gihe cacao n’ikawa byo bihingwa ku rugero ruto cyane.
Ikindi kinjiriza Congo amafaranga ni ibikomoka ku biti dore ko ari kimwe mu bihugu bihuriye ku ishyamba kimeza ry’inzitane rya Afurika yo hagati, Forêt équatoriale du Congo rikaba ari irya kabiri mu bunini ku isi nyuma y’irya Amazone riri ku Mugabane wa Amerika y’Epfo.
Kubera amazi menshi uburobyi nabwo usanga bwiganje muri iki gihugu mu biyaga n’imigezi. Mu rwego rw’ubukungu Congo iri mu bihugu bikoresha ifaranga ryitwa CEFA rihuriweho n’ibihugu byahoze bikolonijwe n’u Bufaransa. Abafatanyabikorwa ba Congo mu rwego rw’ubukungu usanga biganjemo u Bufaransa, u Bushinwa, u Butaliyani n’ibindi bihugu bya Afurika. Urwego rw’ubukerarugendo muri Congo na rwo rugira uruhare mu bukungu bw’igihugu cyakora ubukerarugendo bwagiye bukomwa mu nkokora n’intambara n’imidugararo byakuruye umutekano muke mbere gato y’umwaka wa 2000 cyakora kuri ubu bukaba bugenda buzahuka.
Uruzi rwa Congo rutandukanya Congo zombi (Amajyaruguru: Congo Brazzaville. Amajyepfo: Congo Kinshasa)
Mu rwego rw’imiyoborere Congo yabonye ubwigenge mu mwaka wa 1960 nyuma yo gukolonizwa n’u Bufaransa. Igihugu cya Congo kuri ubu kiyoborwa na Perezida Denis Sassou Ngueso. Yabaye Perezida kuva mu 1979 kugeza mu 1992. Arongera ava mu 1997 nyuma y’intambara y’imyaka ibiri yarangiye uwari umukuru w’igihugu icyo gihe Pascal Lissouba yerekeje iy’ubuhungiro.
Perezida Denis Sassou Nguesso yongeye gutorerwa kuyobora Congo mu myaka yagiye ikurikirana 2002, 2009, 2016 na manda arimo ubu yatorewe muri 2021. Umubano n’ubutwererane bw’u Rwanda na Congo bimaze igihe kirekire kuko byatangijwe mu mwaka wa 1976. Umubano hagati y’ibihugu byombi warushijeho gukomera guhera mu mwaka wa 2010 ubwo Perezida w’u Rwanda Paul Kagame yagiriraga uruzinduko rwe rwa mbere muri icyo gihugu.
Nyuma yaho Perezida Denis Sassou Nguesso na we yasuye u Rwanda. Muri 2022 kandi Perezida Kagame yongeye gusura Congo. Mu gushimangira umubano hagati y’ibihugu byombi, Congo n’u Rwanda byasinyanye amasezerano menshi y’ubufatanye mu nzego zinyuranye zirimo umuco, uburezi, ibidukikije, ishoramari, imyuga, n’ubukungu. uri ayo masezerano kandi haje kwiyongeraho ayerekeye ubuhinzi, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ubucuruzi n’inganda n’ibindi.
Umujyi wa Pointe Noir ufite icyambu ku nyanja ya Atlantica
Ishyamba kimeza ry’inzitane rya Afurika yo hagati, Forêt équatoriale du Congo rikaba ari irya kabiri mu bunini ku isi
Kuva mu mwaka wa 1979 Perezida Denis Sessou Ngueso niwe wayoboraga iki gihugu.
