Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru yavuguruwe ku wa 12 Gicurasi 2020 mu rwego rwo kunoza ibyari bikenewe kugira ngo ibikorwa byo gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara no kwegukana ingwate bigende neza.
- Kayibanda Richard, Umwanditsi Mukuru (Registrar General)
Ayo mabwiriza yavuguruwe mu rwego rw’andi mavugura amaze iminsi akorwa muri gahunda yo korohereza ishoramari. Aya mabwiriza kandi yuzuza zimwe mu ngingo z’ayari ariho kugira ngo ajyanishwe n’igihe cyane cyane ingingo zirebana no kugurisha ingwate mu cyamunara kugira ngo irusheho gukorwa mu buryo bunoze.
Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 001/2020/ORG yatangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta n° idasanzwe yo ku wa 12/05/2020, akubiyemo ingingo nyamukuru icyenda zirimo uburyo bukoreshwa hagamijwe kwishyura uberewemo umwenda, ibijyanye n’inshyirwaho, isimburwa ndetse n’uburyozwe by’uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate (receiver), kuvuguruza igenagaciro (counter-valuation), itangaza n’isubika rya cyamunara, ingwate y’ipiganwa, gusubiza ingwate y’ipiganwa, ipiganwa mu cyamunara hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga n’ipiganwa mu cyamunara hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’amabahasha afunze.
Amabwiriza mashya ku buryo bukoreshwa hagamijwe kwishyura uberewemo umwenda yashyizwemo ingingo zisobanura uburyo bune bwakoreshwa muri icyo gikorwa. Ingingo zisobanura uburyo bwa kane aribwo gucunga ingwate ziyongereye ku bundi butatu bwari mu mabwiriza yari asanzwe ari bwo gukodesha ingwate, kugurisha ingwate muri cyamunara ndetse no kwegukana ingwate. Gusa, muri aya mabwiriza mashya ingingo zirebana n’uburyo bwo kugurisha ingwate mu cyamunara zibanzweho zisobanurwa mu buryo bwimbitse.
Bisanzwe bizwi ko biciye mu mabwiriza yahozeho uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate ashyirwaho n’Umwanditsi Mukuru hakoreshejwe inyandiko imenyesha ariko ntiyagenaga uburyo asimburwa. Amabwiriza mashya kuri iyi ngingo yongeraho ko iyo ushinzwe gucunga ingwate atemeye inshingano yahawe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru, cyangwa igihe yazitangiye ariko akagira izindi mpamvu zituma atazisoza, ashobora gusimburwa bisabwe n’ uberewemo umwenda wahawe ingwate. Uwo musimbura akomeza inshingano zo gucunga ingwate no gukomereza aho ibikorwa byo gucunga, gukodesha cyangwa kugurisha ingwate mu cyamunara mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko. Ibi bizatuma mu gihe habayeho impamvu ituma uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate adakomeza inshingano ze ashobora gusimburwa kandi imihango ya cyamunara yari yatangiye igakomeza aho kugira ngo itangire bundi bushya nk’uko byari bisanzwe.
Amabwiriza mashya kandi ateganya ko mu gihe ushizwe gucunga ingwate anyuranyije n’inshingano yahawe cyangwa se yishe amategeko abiryozwa ku giti cye. Ibi bizakemura ikibazo cy’imicungire mibi y’ingwate bitume abashingwa gucunga ingwate barushaho kwitwararika mu kurangiza inshingano zabo uko bikwiye.
Amabwiriza mashya anasobanura byimbitse ibirebana no kuvuguruza igenagaciro aho iyo uwatanze ingwate cyangwa nyir’umutungo, iyo anyuranye n’uwatanze ingwate, atishimiye igenagaciro ryakozwe n’umugenagaciro wemewe arinyomoza yifashishije umugenagaciro ahawe n’Urugaga rw’Abakora Umwuga w’igenagaciro ku mutungo utimukanwa mu Rwanda. Igenagaciro rishya rishyikirizwa uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 10 (ibarwa uhereye ku munsi ukurikira uwo yarimenyesherejweho kugera kuwo aritangiyeho) nawe agakora impuzandengo y’agaciro katanzwe n’abagenagaciro bose akaba ari yo ashingiraho agurisha ingwate mu cyamunara. Icyakora, iyo nta genagaciro rinyomoza uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate yashyikirijwe mu gihe giteganywa cyavuzwe haruguru, ashingira ku igenagaciro ryakoreshejwe n’uwahawe ingwate.
Impinduka ku isubika rya cyamunara zigaragaza ko amatangazo y’isubika rya cyamunara agomba gutangwa byibuze mu minsi itanu mbere ya cyamunara mu gihe mbere byari iminsi irindwi kandi inshuro ntarengwa z’ isubikwa rya cyamunara zikaba zaravuye kuri enye zikaba ebyiri gusa. Aya mabwiriza anateganya ko cyamunara yimurirwa undi munsi iyo umubare wa ngombwa w’abifuza gupiganwa utuzuye cyangwa igiciro kinini cyatanzwe n’abapiganwa kitemewe n’uwahawe ingwate, uwatanze ingwate cyangwa nyir’ingwate. Uwahawe ingwate, uwatanze ingwate cyangwa nyir’ingwate bakaba bafite uburenganzira bwo kwanga igiciro kinini cyatanzwe mu cyamunara kuri cyamunara ya mbere n’iya kabiri, mu gihe kitagejeje kuri 75% by’agaciro fatizo kagaragajwe mu itangazo rya cyamunara.
Imwe mu ngingo nshya ziri mu mabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru yitezweho guhindura uburyo yakorwaga bijyanye n’igihe ni ipiganwa mu cyamunara hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga aho abapiganwa batanga ibiciro bakoresheje uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bukoreshwa mu kurangiza inyandikompesha. Imikorere y’ ubu buryo ikaba igenwa n’ Iteka rya Minisitiri No 05/MOJ/AG/20 ryo ku wa 12/05/2020 ryerekeye irangizwa ry’inyandikompesha hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. Icyakora, iyo ubu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga budakora, cyamunara ishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe amabahasha afunze cyangwa havugwa ibiciro mu ijwi riranguruye. Uburyo bwa cyamunara ikoresha amabahasha afunze bukaba nabwo ari bushya. Iyi cyamunara ikaba ikorwa abapiganwa bashyira ibiciro byabo mu mabahasha afunze agashyikirizwa ushinzwe gucunga ingwate mu gihe cyo kwiyandikisha ku rutonde rw’abapiganwa.
Amabwiriza mashya y’Umwanditsi Mukuru ateganya kandi ko iyo umutungo ugurishwa muri cyamunara ufite agaciro ka 5 000 000 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda cyangwa hejuru yayo, abapiganwa batanga ingwate y’ipiganwa ingana na 5% y’agaciro kagaragajwe mu itangazo rya cyamunara kugira ngo bemererwe gupiganwa. Ingwate y’ipiganwa itangwa hishyurwa amafaranga kuri konti yagenwe na Minisitiri ufite ubutabera mu nshingano, hatangwa sheki ya banki iri mu mazina y’upiganwa cyangwa icyemezo gitangwa na Banki cyangwa se igitangwa n’ikindi kigo cy’imari kibifitiye uburenganzira.
Ku ngingo zirebana no gusubizwa ingwate, upiganwa utatsinze asubizwa ingwate ye y’ipiganwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itatu y’akazi ikurikira uwo cyamunara yabereyeho. Iyo habayeho isubikwa rya cyamunara, upiganwa wifuza ko ingwate ye y’ipiganwa ikomeza kubikwa kugira ngo izakoreshwe mu cyamunara ikurikira abimenyesha ushinzwe gucunga ingwate, igakomeza kubikwa. Uwatsindiye ingwate yagurishwaga mu cyamunara ntasubizwa ingwate y’ipiganwa ahubwo ayiheraho yishyura ikiguzi cy’ingwate yatsindiye mu cyamunara. Icyakora, iyo uwatsinze ipiganwa atishyuye mu gihe giteganywa cy’iminsi itatu y’akazi ikurikira umunsi wa cyamunara, ingwate y’ipiganwa yatanze ishyirwa mu isanduku ya Leta ndetse uwatsinze ipiganwa akanaryozwa igihombo hakurikijwe amategeko.
Izi mpinduka mu mabwiriza y’Umwanditsi mukuru zigamije gukemura ibibazo byagiye bigaragara muri cyamunara n’ibindi byose muri rusange byaterwaga no kuba hari ibitari biteganyijwe mu mabwiriza yari asanzwe akoreshwa mu kunoza no kwihutisha ibyo bikorwa. Hitezwe ko azafasha kugira ngo ibikorwa byo gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara no kwegukana ingwate byihutishwe, bibe mu mucyo kandi binozwe. Amabanki, ibigo by’imari n’abashinzwe kugurisha ingwate muri cyamunara bagaragara muri ibyo bikorwa ndetse n’abanyarwanda muri rusange barashishikarizwa kumenya aya mabwiriza mashya.
